Sorry gero, you are incorrect.
The distinction you are neglecting is the coverage angle with different formats. Given a single location, a 150mm lens on a 35mm camera will produce a much tighter crop on the film/sensor than a 150mm on a MF camera, but the relationship of the objects in the images will be identical.
If you are trying to match angle of coverage, you will need to adjust the focal length, but the geometric relationship between objects will still remain the same as long as you don't move the cameras position.
For example, you need a 300mm on 8x10 to match a 150mm on 4x5, to match the coverage of about an 100mm on a 6x7 (cm) camera, to match approximately a 50mm lens on 35mm film/sensor
All of these will have (almost) exactly the same relationship of objects in the image, but the relative images will be different sizes. Since they don't all have exactly the same aspect ratio, it is impossible to make them exactly the same without cropping one or more a little, but that is a minor difference.
There will be differences in the images having to do with the DOF and optical characteristics of the various lenses, but for all in tents and purposes, the images will be functionally the same, but the larger formats will likely have a lot more information recorded in the film due to limitations of film resolution, etc.
Even this is not assured, however, as the optical systems become more and more critical and difficult to manage as you get into larger formats. Larger lenses also are not as optically corrected as smaller lenses (larger in format, not necessarily in focal length!), which will result in more complicating factors.
---Michael