Rodenstock labelled some units of the Grandagon-N line as Sinar Sinaron W for Sinar and some units as Caltar II-N for Calumet. They are, otherwise, exactly the same and their serial numbers are within the same simple chronological sequence.
(Confusing? Yes. Why some sales companies felt they needed to replace the name of a renowned German optical firm with their own is an interesting question. Similarly, in the 1960s, Honeywell had Asahi Optical Co. of Japan label Asahi Pentax cameras destined for the USA market as Honeywell Pentax. Anyone else, more recently? Oh yes: Alpa. Explanations welcome)
Rodenstock started putting green rings on the Apo-Grandagon and Grandagon lenses in 1994.
The Grandagon lenses all became Grandagon-N in Rodenstock sales literature by 1997.
The change from Grandagon to Grandagon-N was never explicitly explained in Rodenstock literature, so we can only guess. It might mean New.
Rod
So here are some answers:
Grandagon-N lenses are indeed a new generation of the grandagon design but totally different.
You dont see it from outside but inside.
The glasses inside except the big outer glass are different mounted and itself different. I repaired and cleaned both of these lenses and could always get substitute glasses for the newer N but the glasses for the earlier Grandagon were sold out. It was not possible to use Grandagon-N glasses inside Grandagon, they are physicly not compatible.
Mr Wenzel tryed always to help but the was no way to get Grandagon parts any more.
Also the coutings inside are different: the grandagon has single couted glasses inside, the Grandagon -N glasses are all MC couted- therefore the N have more contrast especially at wide aperture.
When used it classic way for 4x5 at aperture 22 the differences are not so clear, but at 11 you will see it, especially with digital back or camera.
Why Rodenstock lenses were sold under different names?
The reason is that at the 80 ties Rodenstock wants to expand.
Thay start to sell Rodenstock lenses at cheaper prices under calumet name, the production had to be cheaper so the end control of the calumet lenses was poor compared to Rodenstock original lenses.
Sinar did not liked the quality of rodenstock lenses at this time and startet to use the Sinar name for Rodenstock lenses as a best quality standart. So about 30 procent of the rodenstock lenses Sinar has to send back becouse of poor quality- these were the statements it these times. So with Sinar selected lenses you got the best quality for sure.
Rodenstock maybe and caltar maybe not. But this must not mean that all caltars are poor. More that the possibility to get a poor lens is with caltar the highest.
Later Rodenstock get much critics from users and the quality at all become better.
Schneider tryed also to go this way - globalisation- and wanted to start a schneider lens production in Korea.
So there are some strange Schneider lenses with wrong names on it - these are the glasses from this try, that schneider left in korea.